Even as the earlier targets for conserving biodiversity, set in Aichi, Japan for 2011-2020 are largely unmet, 196 countries will meet in Kunming, China, to adopt a new Global Biodiversity Framework. This includes 21 targets to halt biodiversity loss and 10 milestones to transform society’s relationship with biodiversity. In the run up to the 15th Conference of Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in August, we explain the role of this framework in protecting biodiversity, and what must change for it to be implemented. Experts say what is needed is a stronger framework, including in funding conservation and monitoring it, such that countries will be compelled to abide. @flavialopes1398 , in our #TIL explainer, on the occasion of the International Day for Biological Diversity, May 22.