Sunita Williams stuck in space for more than 50 days: How will it affect her body density, muscle mass?

Indian-origin NASA astronaut Sunita Williams and her colleague Barry Wilmore have been stuck in space for more than 50 days. Her 9-day mission faced an unexpected delay after a technical snag on the Starliner disrupted their return to Earth. Williams and Barry Wilmore were originally set to return on June 14 but their mission was later extended. While NASA figures out a way for them to return to Earth, the duo is stuck in space.

According to reports, prolonged stays in microgravity environments such as space can significantly impact an astronaut's health. Let us take you through what happens to your body density and mass in space.

Why do we lose bone density in space?

In space, because of the lack of gravity, there is a rapid decrease in both muscle mass and bone density. In space, bones carry no weight, causing them to lose density as they are not subjected to the same stresses they experience on Earth.

Dr Sreenivasachary Avancha, senior consultant, Gleneagles Hospitals, LB Nagar, Hyderabad revealed to Indian Express how muscle mass (sarcopenia) and bone density (osteoporosis) can significantly impact the body, both on Earth and in space.

She revealed, "On Earth, sarcopenia leads to reduced strength, balance, and mobility, increasing the risk of falls and fractures. Osteoporosis causes bones to become fragile and more susceptible to breaks. Together, these conditions can severely impair quality of life and independence."

The doctor explained how without the gravitational forces that provide resistance, muscles weaken rapidly, and bones lose minerals. They lose minerals like calcium, at a much faster rate than on Earth. This results in decreased bone density and muscle strength which poses serious health risks when they are returning to Earth.

Role of food in space

Food plays a major role in space missions as they help keep the astronauts fit and active. NASA assures that the food sent on such missions are thoroughly analysed. As per data called Space Food and Nutrition by NASA, diets are designed to supply each crew member with all the recommended dietary allowances of vitamins and minerals necessary to stay in space.

As per the same report, foods flown in space are researched and developed in the Foods Systems Engineering Facility.

Which foods are sent to space?

As per NASA, foods are first tested for nutritional value, how well they freeze dry, the storage and packaging process, and of course taste. They make sure to ask the astronauts to taste-test food items. They use a simple form to rate the food items - colour, odour, flavour.

What can help?

According to the expert, preventative measures, such as resistance exercises and adequate nutrition, are crucial both on Earth and in space. Make sure to practice weight-bearing activities and consume a diet rich in protein and calcium.

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